Report LIFE 98

Abbreviations in Final Report

2,4-D: 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid.

95CI: 95% confidence interval.

AB: antibody.

Absx.: Absorbance at a specific wavelength x.

AC: Activated carbon.

ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone.

AhR: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

AmA: Ammonium acetate.

AmF: Ammonium formate.

ANOVA: analysis of variance.

APE: alkylphenol polyethoxylate.

AR: Androgen receptor.

ARNT: Aryl Hydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator.

AUC: Area Under the Curve.

Ax: light Absorbance at wavelength x.

BamHI: Restriction Enzyme.

BBP: benzyl butyl phthalate.

BPA: Bisphenol A or 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol.

BSA: Bovine Serum Albumin.

BW: Body weight.

Carbaryl: 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate.

CAU: corrected absorbance units in the YES.

cDNA: complementary DNA.

CFU: colony forming units of bacteria on agar plates.

CH4: methane.

CO2: carbon dioxide.

CPRG: chlorophenol red--D-galactopyranoside.

CuSO4: Copper sulfate.

DAD: Diode Array Detection.

DAPI: diamidino-2-phenylindole.

DBD: DNA Binding Domain of the ER.

DCC: Dextran Coated Charcoal.

DCM: Dichloromethane.

DDE: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis[4-chlorophenyl] ethylene.

DDT: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis[4-chlorophenyl] ethane.

DES: Diethylstilbestrol.

DHT: Dihydrotestosterone.

DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium.

DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide.

DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid.

DTT: Dithiothreitol.

E1: estrone.

E2: 17-estradiol.

E3: estriol.

ECxx: xx% Effect Concentration.

E-Coli: Escherichia Coli.

EDC: endocrine disrupting compound.

EDSP: Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (by the US-EPA).

EDTA: Ethylene diamino tetraacetic acid.

EE2: 17-ethynylestradiol.

EGF: Epidermal Growth Factor.

ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

EMM: Edinburgh Mnimal Mdium.

EPA: Environmental Protection Agency (also US-EPA).

ER: Estrogen Receptor.

ERBA: Estrogen Receptor Binding Assay.

ERE: Estrogen Responsive Element.

FBS: fetal bovine serum.

FCS: fetal calf serum.

FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone.

g.p. or gp: guinea pig.

G418: geneticin.

GAC: Granulated Activated Carbon.

GC: Gas Chromatography.

GM: Geometric mean.

GnRH: Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone.

GRAS: Generally Recognized As Safe.

GST: Glutathione-S-Transferase.

HCB: Hexachlorobenzene.

He: Helium.

hER: human estrogen receptor.

HINDIII: Restriction Enzyme.

His: Histidine.

HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography.

HPTE: 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane.

HRP: Horse Radish Peroxidase.

hTR: human Thyroid Receptor.

ICCVAM: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (US).

Kd: dissociation constant.

LB: Lennox-L broth.

LBD: Ligand Binding Domain of the ER.

LC-MS: Liquid Chromatography coupled Mass Spectrometry.

LEU: leucine (amino acid).

LH: Luteinizing Hormone.

LOD: Limit of Detection.

LOQ: Limit of Qantification.

LP80: lactobacillus plantarum80.

Luc: Luciferase.

LT2: murine pituitary cell line.

Mam. or m: mammalian.

MARS: Microwave Accelerated Reactor System.

MCF-7: Mammary Carcinoma cell line.

MeOCL: Methoxychlor, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane.

mRNA: messenger RNA.

MS: Mass Spectrometry.

MW: molecular weight.

N2: Nitrogen.

NIEHS: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

NO2: nitrite.

NO3: nitrate.

NOAEL: No Observed Adverse Effect Level.

NP: nonylphenol.

O2: Oxygen.

ODx: Optical Density at wavelength x.

OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

OHT: hydroxytamoxifen.

OP: octylphenol.

pAVE: name of plasmids coding for the chimaeric estrogen receptors.

PBS: Phosphate Buffered Saline.

PBST: PBS+1% Tween.

PCB: polychlorinated biphenyl.

PCP: Pentachlorophenol.

PCPP: pharmaceutical and personal care product.

PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction.

pESP-1: mother plasmid for the construction of pAVE3&4.

PMSF: phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride.

PSDVB: Polystyrene Divinylbenzene (also SDB).

PTFE: polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon).

PVDF: Polyvinylidene difluoride.

pYExBx: mother plasmid for the construction of pAVE1&2.

QSAR: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship.

rhFSH: recombinant human FSH.

RIA: radioimmunoassay.

RIE: Relative Induction Efficiency.

rLH: rat Luteinizing Hormone.

RNA: ribonucleic acid.

RP: Relative Potency.

RT-PCR: Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).

S. cerevisiae: Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

S. pombe: Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

SCFA: short chain fatty acids.

SD: standard deviation.

SDB: Styrene divinylbenzene.

SDS-PAGE: Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

SE: Standard Error.

SEM: standard error of the mean.

SERM: Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator.

SHBG: Sex Hormone Binding Globulin.

SHIME: Simulator of the Human Intestinal Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem.

SPE: Solid Phase Extraction.

SPE: Solid Phase Extraction.

sqRT-PCR: semiquantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction.

SRB: sulforhodamine B.

T: testosterone.

TCA: Trichloro Acetic Acid.

TDS: Testicular dysgenesis syndrome.

TEA: Triethylamine.

thER: truncated human Estrogen Receptor.

TIC: Total Ion Chromatogram.

TM4: murine Sertoli cell line.

TSH: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.

UBR: Upflow Bioreactor.

URA: uracil (amino acid).

v/v: volume/volume.

VITO: Flemis Institute for Technological Research.

VMM: Flemish Environmental Agency.

w/v: weight/volume.

WTP: Wastewater Treatment Plants.

XhoI: Restriction Enzyme.

YES: Yeast Estrogenicity Assay (Glaxo strain).

yhER: yeast hER (Glaxo strain).

YNB: Yeast Nitrogen Base.

HCH: Lindane.